Diamond is the best-known gem. Its history is so long and complex
that the beginning is lost in antiquity.
India was a source of many of the world's most famous diamonds.
Diamonds were traded in India as early as four centuries before the birth of
Christ, many gems reaching Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and the Middle East. Other stones found
their way into the Roman Empire, where their supposed magical powers enhanced their value.
Arabian and Persian merchants brought diamonds to China, where they served as
jade-cutting and pearl-drilling tools in the first few centurries A.D. Diamond tools were
highly regarded in China and were considered gifts worthy of royalty.
Indian supersitions about diamond eventually spread throughout the world.
The Buddhists believed that a person's soul had to be purified before joining the
"universal soul," or karma. The steps in this process involved
incarnations as animals, plants, and even minerals. This fostered the belief that
minerals and gems have life among gems and rated diamond as the noblest. Such ideas
were held well into the Renaissance. Jerome Cardin who, in the 16th Century, first
designated stones as "precious," believed that minerals and gems were
"born" of the fluids in rock cavities.
Diamond, with its remarkable properties of hardness, dispersion, and
brilliancy, was also considered a strong medicine. The powder of white, flawless
diamonds would, if swallowed, impart health, energy, and long life. Flawed stones,
however, might have the opposite effect! Diamond powder was for centuries considered
to be a deadly poison, and the deaths of many prominent rulers and politicians were
attributed to this agent. Diamond was supposed to have many other mystical powers.
If held in the mouth, a diamond would cause the teeth to fall out. It
repelled phantoms and demons, and prevented nightmares. Diamonds could ward off
magic and protect the wearer in battle by giving him courage, virtue, and invincibility.
Fabulous diamonds symbolized wealth and power. They were regarded as
emblems of rank and status. In times of political upheaval and uncentainty, diamonds
also represented easily portable wealth. The history of diamond constantly links
together attributes of power, magic, and greatvalue. The incredible beliefs about
this gem have been embellished through the centuries. But they are undoubtedly
derived from the truly remarkable properties that diamond does display.