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Samson Jewellery |
| Name | Hardness | Density | Ref. Index | Birefr. | Comments |
| Amber | 3.0-3.5 | 1.05-1010 | 1.54 | - - - | Succinite; Various localities |
| Diamond | 10 | 2.9-3.5 | 2.417 | - - - | The best known of all gemstones |
| Garnet | 5.0-7.5 | 3.40-4.30 | 1.720-1.895 | - - - | Six distinct species, many colors |
| Jadeite | 6.5-7.0 | 3.25-3.36 | 1.640-1.667 | 0.012-0.020 | Jade family; rich, bright colors |
| Opal | 5.5-6.5 | 1.91-2.25 | 1.485 | - - - | Popular for millennia; many forms |
| Pearl | 2.5-4.5 | 2.60-2.85 | 1.53-1.69 | 0.156 | Gem of antiquity, always in fashion |
| Peridot | 6.5-7.0 | 3.20-3.45 | 1.640-1.690 | 0.033-0.039 | Gem variety of olivine (forsterite) |
| Quartz | 7 | 2.65-2.91 | 1.544-1.553 | 0.009 | Most abundant of all gemstones |
| Sapphirine | 7.5 | 3.40-3.51 | 1.701-1.723 | 0.006 | Dark blue; cut gems small and rare |
| Topaz | 8 | 3.50-3.57 | 1.607-1.649 | 0.008-0.011 | Many colors, widely sold |
| Tourmaline | 7.0-7.5 | 3.01-3.41 | 1.603-1.820 | 0.006-0.080 | Large group, many varieties and colors |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 | 4.00-4.80 | 1.78-2.01 | 0.000-0.059 | Wide range of colors; several varieties |
