| Refraction |
The deflection of light rays by
liquids and transparent solid substances. Refractive index is the measure of the
degree to which a gemstone deflects light rays, which has a bearing on the stone's fire. |
| Rhinestone |
Originally stones cut from rock
crystals found in the Rhine Valley. Latterly a term used to describe paste stones. |
| Rifining |
The proces of removing
impurities from a precious metal. Gold is refined until it is 99.99 per cent pure
before being alloyed to produce the carat golds. |
| Rivere |
A gem-set necklace in which
graduated stones are set in separate collets. |
| Rolled gold |
A gold simulant produced by
bonding a slab of gold to a slab of copper or sometimes silver. The resulting
bimetallic block is subsequently rolled down to produce sheet metal with a gold surface. |
| Rose cut |
A type of cut used in the past
for diamonds and still used for garnets intended for setting in traditionally designed
jewellery. The stone is in the form of a shallow cone round which varying numbers of
facets have been cut. |